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Article Type

Original Study

Abstract

The paper will provide a multi-objective model of optimizing the strategic placement and size of Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) in the Iraqi electrical distribution systems. The power grid of Iraq has deep issues, such as chronic power shortages, extreme grid instability, and astronomical technical and non-technical losses, and they can be up to 50 percent of the power generated. These problems require new solutions that will make the grid more modern and reliable in terms of energy security. The suggested methodology combines a Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) algorithm and the specific mathematical models of BESS and renewable energy sources (RES) and a representative Iraqi distribution network topology. The framework is supposed to address the natural incompatibilities among three essential goals: minimizing the overall Net Present Cost (NPC), minimizing the voltage variations across the network to increase stability, and minimizing CO2 emissions to help to sustain the environment. The results show that BESS is highly optimized to achieve high techno-economic advantages. Multi-objective methodology in a Baghdad feeder case-study provided a 12-percentage reduction in power loss, 45 percentage point volatility index enhancement and a competitive Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) of 0.082/kWh. The outcomes indicate the framework is a promising decision-making instrument to ensure the reliability, economic viability and stability of the electricity infrastructure in Iraq to bring a more robust and contemporary power system.

Keywords

Energy storage systems (ESS), Microgrid, Multi-objective optimization, Iraqi power grid, Grid stability, Renewable energy integration, Battery sizing

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